C1 cities

He's a chaotic sort of a person - always trying to do twenty things at once.

in a state of chaos

He's pleasant enough, but deadly dull.

not interesting or exciting in any way

What a compact office! How did you fit so much into so little space?

consisting of parts that are positioned together closely or in a tidy way, using very little space:

The river is heavily polluted.

spoiled by something

It's also an uncommonly well-run and friendly festival

well-managed

Run-down buildings or areas are in very bad condition

destroyed

affluent nations/neighbourhoods

having a lot of money or owning a lot of things

Congested roads and towns have too much traffic and movement is made difficult.

too blocked or crowded and causing difficulties

Somewhere in this sprawling metropolis, there is a secret military laboratory.

existing or reaching over a large area

The city is youthful, vibrant – an exciting place.

energetic, bright, and full of life or excitement

He was young and confident, with a spotless reputation.

perfect, good, extremely clean

New York is very hot and humid in the summer.

(of air and weather conditions) containing extremely small drops of water in the air:

He spoke to the president on a secure phone line.

safe or protected

Thousands of new businesses have sprung up in the past couple of years.

to start to exist suddenly

At this time on a Saturday, the restaurant is buzzing with customers.

to be full of people or activity

There’s a big network of buses and trams and it all
runs very smoothly.

easily and without interruption or difficulty

The smog is awful - you have to wear a mask or
you’d choke on the fumes.

stop breathing or find it hard to breathe because it is blocking your throat

The cars just crawl along most of the time - you might as
well walk.

to move or progress slowly or with difficulty

There’s a lot of conspicuous consumption with
people showing off their wealth.

the situation in which people spend a lot of money intentionally so that other people notice and admire them for their wealth

She likes to show off by wearing expensive shoes wherever she goes.

to behave in a way that is intended to attract attention or admiration, and that other people often find annoying

There’s not a trace of litter anywhere. Apparently,
you can get fined heavily for dropping it.

an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law

She works with children in a rough New Jersey slum

a very poor and crowded area, especially of a city

A lot of buildings should just be condemned
and rebuilt.

A condemned building that has been officially judged not safe for people to live in or to use, or food that has been officially judged not safe to eat.

Thousands of protesters hit the streets Thursday and Friday across the country.

to go outside or take action, typically in a public setting or to engage with the community

Derelict buildings or places are not cared for and are in bad condition

abandoned

The party livened up as soon as Sally arrived.

to become more interesting and exciting, or to make something become like this